351 
S83 
1913 
hAIN 


THE  SUCCESSION 


TO  THE 


CROWN  OF  ENGLAND 


IN  THE 


Fifteenth,  Sixteenth  and  Seventeenth 
Centuries 

FROM  EDWARD  III  TO  GEORGE  I 

WITH 

GENEALOGICAL  TABLES 


AND 


References  to  Shakespeare's  Historical  Plays 


1913 


Printed  for  W.  R.  Ware  by  The  Underhill  Press 
Dorchester,  Massachusetts. 


JNS51 
SS3 

/7/3 
MAIN 

THE  succession  to  the  Crown  of  the  descendants  of  King 
Edward  the  Third  has  not  really  been  very  irregular.  Of 
his  seven  sons  the  second,  William  of  Hatfield,  and  the 
seventh,  William  of  Windsor,  died  in  infancy,  and  the  line  of  the 
first,  Edward  the  Black  Prince,  terminated  at  the  death  of  his  only 
son.  King  Richard  11.  The  next  heirs  were  the  descendants  of  the 
third  son,  Lionel,  Duke  of  Clarence,  and  the  Throne  has  been  regu- 
larly filled  by  them  ever  since,  except  during  the  first  half,  and  again 
at  the  end,  of  the  fifteenth  century,  when  it  was  twice  usurped  by  the 
descendants  of  the  fourth  son,  John  of  Gaunt,  Duke  of  Lancaster. 

The  first  of  these  usurpers  was  Henry  of  Bolingbroke,  Duke  of 
Hereford,  John  of  Gaunt's  oldest  son,  who,  when  Richard  11  was 
deposed  by  act  of  Parliament  in  1399,  was  recognized  as  King 
under  the  name  of  Henry  IV.  He  was  opposed  by  the  Duke  of 
Northumberland  and  his  son  Henry  Percy,  called  Hotspur.  But  he 
defeated  them,  and  the  Scotch  army  they  had  joined,  in  the  battle  of 
Shrewsbury,  fought  in  1403,  in  which  Hotspur  was  slain.  He  was 
succeeded  by  his  son  and  grandson,  Henry  V  and  Henry  VL  These 
three  Henrys  are  the  Kings  of  the  House  of  Lancaster. 

The  real  excuse  for  this  usurpation  was  the  misgovernment  of 
Richard  U.  But  Henry  pretended  that  his  mother's  great-grandfather, 
Edmund  Crouchback,  Earl  of  Lancaster,  a  younger  brother  of  King 
Edward  1,  was  really  an  older  brother,  and  that  his  descendants  were 
the  rightful  heirs. 

The  immediate  heirs  of  the  Duke  of  Clarence  were  his  only  child 
Philippa,  who  married  Edmund  Mortimer,  Earl  of  March,  and  the 
Mortimers,  their  descendants.  But  her  son  Roger,  Earl  of  March,  fell 
into  the  power  of  the  Welsh  Prince  Owen  Glendower;  and  his  son 
Edmund,  though  recognized  by  Richard  11  as  his  heir,  was  in  no  position 
to  dispute  the  crown  with  Henry  IV.  He  left  no  children  and  after 
his  death  the  next  heir  was  Anne  Mortimer,  his  sister.  Anne 
Mortimer  married  Richard,  Earl  of  Cambridge,  the  second  son  of 
Edmund  Langley,  Duke  of  York,  own  cousin  of  her  grandmother 
Philippa.  His  older  brother,  Edward,  Duke  of  York  and  Duke  of 
Aumerle,  had  been  killed,  under  Henry  V,  at  Agincourt. 

The  rights  of  Clarence  and  the  Mortimers  thus  passed  to  the 
House  of  York,  first  to  Anne  Mortimer's  son  Richard  Plantagenet, 
who  was  killed  in  the  Battle  of  Wakefield,  fighting  against  Henry  VI 


and  the  Lancastrians,  and  then  to  her  grandson,  Edward,  Earl  of 
March  and  Duke  of  York,  who  after  the  second  battle  of  St.  Albans 
in  1461,  ascended  the  throne  under  the  name  of  Edward  IV. 

This  established  the  House  of  York,  which  also  counted  three 
kings,  Edward  IV  and  his  brother  Richard  III,  sons  of  Richard 
Plantagenet,  and  between  them,  the  youthful  Edward  V,  son  of 
Edward  IV,  who  survived  his  father  only  a  few  days,  being  murdered 
in  the  Tower  together  with  his  brother,  Richard,  Duke  of  York,  by 
order  of  their  uncle,  Richard  III. 

The  legitimate  House  of  Lancaster  had  meanwhile  become  extinct 
by  the  death  of  Henry  VI  in  prison  and  the  murder  of  his  son  Edward, 
Prince  of  Wales,  in  1471,  after  the  battle  of  Tewkesbury. 

The  second  usurpation  was  that  of  Henry  Tudor,  Earl  of 
Richmond,  in  1485.  He  was  the  great-grandson  of  John,  Duke  of 
Beaufort,  a  son  of  John  of  Gaunt  by  Catherine  Swynforth,  whose 
children  had  been  legitimated,  though  with  the  express  provision 
that  they  should  have  no  claim  to  the  Crown.  Richmond  was 
nevertheless  recognized  by  Parliament  under  the  name  of  Henry  VU. 
Thus  all  the  four  Lancastrian  kings  were  called  Henry: — Henry  IV, 
Henry  V,  Henry  VI  and  Henry  VII. 

The  Earl  of  Richmond  had  assumed  the  head  of  the  Lancastrian 
party,  pretending  to  inherit  the  Crown  from  his  mother,  the  heir  of  th^ 
Beauforts.  But  he  now  married  Elizabeth  of  York,  daughter  of 
Edward  IV,  who  was  the  rightful  heir  of  Lionel,  Duke  of  Clarence. 
Thus,  though  he  was  himself  a  usurper,  his  son  Henry  Vlll  was  the 
lawful  King.     From  him  all  the  subsequent  monarchs  have  descended. 

The  pretentions  of  the  Earl  of  Richmond  were  doubly  insufficient; 
first  because  even  the  legitimate  descendants  of  John  of  Gaunt  had  no 
claim  to  the  Crown  as  against  the  heirs  of  his  older  brother  Lionel,  Duke 
of  Clarence,  and  secondly  because  he  was  descended  from  Catherine 
Swynforth.  His  father  was  Edmund  Tudor,  Earl  of  Richmond,  son  of 
a  Welshman,  Owen  Tudor,  who  had  married  Catherine  of  France, 
widow  of  Henry  V.  Edmund  Tudor  and  his  brother  Jasper,  Earl  of 
Pembroke,  besides  being  grandsons  of  the  French  King,  Charles  VI, 
were  thus  half  brothers  to  Henry  VI,  who  made  them  both  Earls. 

But,  although  it  was  his  wife  who  was  the  rightful  heir,  and 
Henry  VII  was  himself,  as  has  been  said,  doubly  disqualified,  he 
delayed  her  coronation  for  a  couple  of  years,  not  being  willing  to  recog- 


nize  the  Yorkist  claim.  Although,  like  Henry  IV,  nearly  a  hundred 
years  before,  he  claimed  the  crown  partly  by  act  of  Parliament  and 
partly  by  conquest,  the  first  alone  had  any  legal  validity.  For 
Conquest  is  Usurpation.  In  neither  case  was  there  any  rightful 
inheritance. 

At  the  death  of  King  Edward  VI,  son  of  Henry  VIII,  the  next 
heirs  to  the  Crown  were  (i)  his  half-sister,  Mary  Tudor;  (2)  his  half- 
sister,  Elizabeth  Tudor;  (3)  Mary,  Queen  of  Scots,  granddaughter  of 
his  aunt,  Margaret  Tudor,  daughter  of  Henry  VII' and  Elizabeth  of 
York,  who  married  James  IV,  King  of  Scotland  and,  after  his  death, 
Archibald,  Earl  of  Angus;  (4)  Lord  Darnley,  grandson  of  Margaret 
Tudor  and  the  Earl  of  Angus;  (5)  Lady  Jane  Grey,  granddaughter 
of  Mary  Tudor,  a  younger  sister  of  Queen  Margaret  and  of  Henry 
VIII,  who  married  Louis  XII,  King  of  France,  and  after  his  death 
Charles  Brandon,  Duke  of  Suffolk.  Lord  Darnley,  who  married 
Mary,  Queen  of  Scots,  was  thus  the  nearest  male  heir. 

The  Tudor  dynasty  came  to  an  end  with  Queen  Elizabeth,  the 
succession  passing  to  the  descendants  of  her  aunt,  Margaret  Tudor. 
Queen  Margaret's  great-grandson,  James  VI,  son  of  Mary,  Queen  of 
Scots  and  Lord  Darnley,  then  founded  the  English  House  of  Stuart, 
taking  the  name  of  James  I.  After  the  reigns  of  Charles  I,  Charles  II, 
and  James  II,  and  the  exile  of  James'  son,  James  III,  "the  Old  Pre- 
tender," and  of  his  grandson  Charles  Edward,  "the  Young  Pretender, " 
the  next  three  heirs  were  the  daughters  of  James  II,  Mary  and  Anne, 
and  his  cousin,  Sophia  Stuart,  granddaughter  of  James  1,  who  had 
married  the  Elector  of  Hanover.  The  six  sovereigns  of  the  House  of 
Hanover,  who  reigned  during  the  eighteenth  and  nineteenth  centuries, 
were  her  descendants.  The  last  of  these,  Victoria,  married  her  cousin, 
Albert  of  Saxe  Coburg.  Her  son  and  grandson,  Edward  VII  and 
George  V,  are,  accordingly,  of  the  House  of  Saxe  Coburg. 

Thus,  during  the  five  hundred  years  since  the  death  of  Richard  II, 
who  was  the  last  of  the  Plantagenet  kings,  six  dynasties,  including 
twenty-five  sovereigns,  have  inherited  the  Crown  of  England, 
namely,  three  Lancasters,  three  Yorks,  five  Tudors,  six  Stuarts,  six 
Hanoverians,  and  two  Saxe  Coburgs.  It  has  six  times  devolved  upon 
a  female  heir,  namely  upon  Elizabeth  of  York,  Mary  and  Elizabeth 
Tudor,  Mary  and  Anne  Stuart,  and  Victoria,  besides  being  the  heritage 
of   five   women   who,    though    they    did   not   come  to   the  throne, 


bequeathed  it  to  their  descendants,  namely,  Philippa  Plantagenet, 
Anne  Mortimer,  Margaret  Tudor,  Mary,  Queen  of  Scots,  and  the 
Electress  Sophia. 

This  inheritance  through  women  has  recurred  from  time  to  time 
until  now,  and  if  the  present  King,  George  V,  had  no  children,  the 
crown  would  go  to  his  sister,  the  Duchess  of  Fife,  and  her  eldest  son 
would  be  the  first  monarch  of  the  House  of  Duff. 

It  is  to  be  noticed  that  whenever  the  Royal  Family  has  thus 
changed  its  name,  as  when  the  House  of  Mortimer  replaced  the 
Plantagenets,  the  House  of  York  the  Mortimers,  and  when  the  House  of 
Tudor  replaced  both  the  Beaufort  Lancastrians  and  the  House  of  York, 
the  change  took  place  because  in  each  family  the  crown  had  devolved 
upon  a  woman,  whose  children  took  the  name  of  the  family  into 
which  she  married.  Thus  Clarence's  daughter  Philippa  married 
Edmund  Mortimer,  Earl  of  March;  his  granddaughter,  Anne  Mortimer, 
married  Richard  of  York,  Earl  of  Cambridge,  and  their  great-grand- 
daughter, Elizabeth  of  York,  married  Henry  Tudor;  Margaret  Tudor 
married  a  Stuart;  Sophia  Stuart  married  the  Elector  of  Hanover, 
and  Victoria  married  Albert  of  Saxe  Coburg. 

Very  much  the  same  failure  of  male  heirs  occurred  with  the 
Nobility  as  with  Royalty,  the  Nevilles  obtaining  through  their  wives, 
first,  the  Earldom  of  Salisbury  from  the  Montacutes,  or  Montagues, 
and  then  that  of  Warwick  from  the  Beauchamps.  This  Earldom 
finally  passed  to  the  royal  family,  in  the  person  of  Edward,  Earl  of 
Warwick,  son  of  Isabella  Neville,  a  daughter  of  the  Earl  of  Warwick, 
the  "King-Maker,"  who  married  her  father's  cousin,  George,  Duke 
of  Clarence,  brother  to  King  Edward  IV.  This  unfortunate  prince, 
who  was  imprisoned  and  finally  killed  by  Henry  VII,  had  no 
immediate  claim  to  the  crown.  But  he  and  his  cousin  the  Earl  of 
Lincoln,  were,  next  to  the  Queen,  the  most  prominent  members  of 
the  House  of  York,  and  they  were  naturally  the  subjects  of  Henry's 
jealousy. 

Anne  Neville,  another  of  the  King-Maker's  daughters,  married 
the  Lancastrian  heir,  Edward  Prince  of  Wales,  son  of  King  Henry  VI, 
and  after  his  murder  at  Tewkesbury  married  King  Richard  III,  brother 
of  King  Edward  IV  and  cousin  to  her  father. 

The  Salic  Law,  forbidding  women  either  to  inherit  or  to  transmit 
the  Crown,  was  never  recognized  in  England,  King  Stephen,  in  1153, 


succeeding  his  uncle  Henry  I,  by  right  of  his  mother,  Adela,  daughter 
of  William  the  Conqueror.  If  it  had  been  in  force  Henry  IV  would 
have  been  the  rightful  successor  to  Richard  11,  and,  later,  Edward  IV 
would  have  succeeded  Henry  VI,  as  the  heir,  not  of  Lionel,  Duke  of 
Clarence,  but  of  Edmund  Langley,  Duke  of  York.  But  it  does  not 
appear  that  in  either  case  any  such  claim  was  set  up. 

On  the  death  of  Richard  III  the  crown  would  have  passed  to  his 
nephew  Edward,  Earl  of  Warwick,  son  of  his  brother  George,  Duke 
of  Clarence,  whom  Richard  had  named  as  his  heir.  At  the  death  of 
Warwick  the  lines  of  the  first  five  sons  of  Edward  111  having  suc- 
cessively become  extinct,  the  Crown  would  have  gone  to  the  heir,  in 
the  male  line,  of  Thomas  of  Woodstock,  the  sixth  son,  whoever  he 
may  have  been,  and  that  failing,  to  the  next  successor  of  Edward  I. 

There  would  have  been  no  Royal  Houses  of  Mortimer,  Tudor, 
Stuart,  Hanover,  or  Saxe  Coburg. 

Richard  Neville,  Earl  of  Warwick,  was  called  the  "King  Maker," 
because  he  had,  in  1461,  placed  his  cousin  Edward  IV  upon  the 
throne.  Both  were  grandsons  of  Ralph  Neville,  Earl  of  Westmoreland. 
But  when  the  King,  in  1464,  after  the  battle  of  Hexham,  married 
Elizabeth  Wydville,  widow  of  Sir  John  Grey,  at  the  very  moment 
when  he  had  sent  Warwick  to  Paris  to  negotiate  his  marriage  with 
the  Lady  Bona  of  Savoy,  sister  of  Louis  XI,  King  of  France,  Warwick 
felt  so  much  insulted  that  he  joined  the  Lancastrians,  and  was 
presently  killed  in  the  battle  of  Barnet  in  1471. 

The  war  undertaken  by  Henry  IV  in  order  to  confirm  his  power 
was  of  brief  duration,  the  only  important  battle  being  that  fought  at 
Shrewsbury  in  1403,  in  which  Hotspur  was  killed.  In  this  contest 
the  son  of  the  victor  of  Cressy  and  Poitiers  was  driven  from  the  throne 
by  Henry  IV,  just  as  under  somewhat  similar  circumstances,  after  fifty 
years  of  the  Lancastrians,  Henry  VI,  son  of  the  victor  of  Agincourt,  was 
dispossessed  by  Edward  IV.  But  Edward  IV  accomplished  this  only 
after  more  than  a  dozen  battles  stretching  through  twenty  years. 
These  were  fought  at  St.  Albans,  (1455);  Blore,  (1459) ;  Northampton 
and  Wakefield,  (1460);  Mortimer's  Cross,  St.  Albans  again,  and 
Towton,  (1461);  Hexham,  (1464);  Banbury,  (1469);  Stamford  and 
Lynn,  (1470);  Barnet,  and  finally  Tewkesbury,  (1471).  All  of  these 
except  the  battles  of  Wakefield,  the  second  St.  Albans,  Stamford, 
and  Lynn,  were  won  by  the  Yorkists.     The   reign   of   Edward    IV 


is  held  to  have  begun  in  1461,  after  the  second  battle  of  St.  Albans, 
when  Parliament  recognized  his  title. 

The  war  to  dethrone  Richard  111,  brother  of  Edward  IV,  was 
decided  in  the  single  battle  of  Bosworth  Field  (1485),  in  which  Richard 
was  killed.  This  battle  gave  the  throne  to  the  illegitimate  branch  of 
the  house  of  Lancaster.  But,  as  previously  in  the  days  of  Richard  11, 
the  success  of  the  usurper  was  largely  due  to  dissatisfaction  with  the 
reigning  king. 

These  two  wars,  the  first  of  which  was  undertaken  to  crush  the 
legitimate  House  of  Lancaster,  and  the  second  to  place  the  Beaufort 
branch  of  that  House  upon  the  throne,  thus  lasted  about  thirty  years, 
from  1455  to  1485.  They  are  called  The  Wars  of  the  Roses,  the 
White  Rose  being  the  emblem  of  the  House  of  York,  the  Red  Rose 
of  the  House  of  Lancaster.  It  is  said  that  in  these  thirty  years  eighty 
princes  of  the  blood  were  either  executed  or  murdered  or  died  upon  the 
field  of  battle,  besides  countless  Dukes,  Earls,  Marquises,  Viscounts 
and  Barons.  The  marriage  of  Henry  Vll  and  Elizabeth  of  York  is 
said  to  have  "united  the  Roses". 

The  reign  of  Henry  VII  was  at  first  much  disturbed  by  the  dis- 
content of  the  Yorkists,  who  put  forward  John,  Earl  of  Lincoln,  son  of 
Richard  Ill's  sister,  the  Countess  of  Suffolk,  whom  he  had  named  as 
his  heir.  But  the  Earl  of  Lincoln  was  defeated  and  killed  at  the  battle 
of  Stoke,  in  1487.  The  Yorkists  also  countenanced  two  impostors, 
Lambert  Simnel,  who  pretended  to  be  the  young  Earl  of  Warwick, 
son  of  the  Duke  of  Clarence,  and  Perkin  Warbeck,  who  claimed  to  be 
Richard,  Duke  of  York,  second  son  of  Edward  IV.  Warbeck  had  the 
active  support  of  King  Edward's  sister,  the  Duchess  of  Burgundy,  and 
also  of  King  James  IV,  of  Scotland,  who  married  him  to  his  kins- 
woman, the  Lady  Catherine  Gordon,  daughter  of  the  Earl  of  Huntley. 

The  Duchess,  who  was  the  Duke  of  York's  aunt,  brought 
Warbeck  forward  merely  to  make  trouble  for  King  Henry  VII.  But 
King  James,  who  had  married  Margaret  Tudor,  sister  of  King  Henry 
VIII,  seems  to  have  really  believed  him  to  be  his  wife's  uncle,  and 
hence  the  rightful  heir. 

In  his  "History  of  Henry  VII"  Lord  Bacon  gives  an  entertaining 
account  of  these  two  impostors. 

Simnel,  Warbeck  and  the  Earl  of  Warwick  were  all  put  to  death 
by  King  Henry  VII. 


The  validity  of  the  claims  asserted  by  the  Stuarts  was  not 
disputed,  and  the  civil  wars  which  marked  the  reigns  of  Charles  1, 
and  James  U,  arose  between  Catholics  and  Episcopalians,  who 
inherited  the  doctrines  of  the  Middle  Ages,  and  the  Presbyterians 
and  Independents  who^ under  the  lead  of  Oliver  Cromwell,  aimed  to 
reform  not  only  the  Church  but  the  Civil  Government,  and  to  found 
a  Republic,  or  Commonwealth. 

Besides  important  naval  engagements,  in  which  Spanish,  French 
and  Dutch  ships  took  part,  battles  were  fought  against  Charles  at 
Edgehill,  (1642),  Stratton  Hill,  Round  way  Down  and  Chalgrove  Field, 
(1643),  Marston  Moor  and  Newbury,  (1644),  Naseby,  (1645), 
Newark,  (1646),  Drogheda,  in  Ireland,  (1649),  Dunbar,  (1650),  and 
Worcester,  (1651);  and  by  William  111  againstJames  II,  at  the  river 
Boyne,  also  in  Ireland,  (1690).  In  171 5,  also,  the  "Old  Pretender," 
James  III,  who  was  called  the  Chevalier  de  St.  George,  and  was  the 
son  of  James  II  and  Mary  of  Modena,  came  over  from  France  and, 
landing  in  Scotland,  made  an  unsuccessful  attempt  to  seize  the  Crown, 
and  in  1745  his  son,  Charles  Edward,  "The  Young  Pretender",  the 
"bonnie  Prince  Charlie",  attempted  the  same  thing,  in  his  father's 
name.  He  won  a  great  victory  at  Preston  Pans,  near  Edinburgh,  and 
advanced  with  a  Scotch  army  as  far  as  Derby,  but  finally,  after  a 
second  victory  at  Falkirk,  suffered  a  total  defeat  from  the  Duke  of 
Cumberland  at  Culloden  Moor,  near  Inverness,  in  the  Spring  of  1746. 
This  was  the  end  of  the  English  Civil  Wars.  They  had  covered 
about  three  hundred  and  fifty  years. 

Parliament  tried  and  executed  Charles  I,  then  recalled  and  re- 
stored Charles  II,  then  condemned  to  exile  James  II  and  his  son 
and  grandson,  James  III  and  Charles  Edward,  and  finally  offered  the 
Crown  to  William  of  Orange,  grandson  of  James  I,  who  had  married 
his  cousin  Mary,  daughter  of  James  11.  They  ascended  the  throne 
together  with  the  joint  title  of  William  and  Mary.  This  arrangement 
is  called  the  English  Revolution. 

■  The  next  heirs  were  Mary's  sister  Anne,  and  their  father's  cousin, 
Sophia  Stuart,  whose  mother,  a  daughter  of  James  I,  had  married  the 
Elector  Palatine  and  King  of  Bohemia,  and  who  had  herself  married 
the  Elector  of  Hanover. 

Queen  Mary  died  in  1694,  King  William  in  1702.  They  were 
succeeded  by  her  sister  the  Princess  Anne,  who,  dying  in  1714,  was 
followed  by  Sophia's  son,  George  Edward,  Elector  of  Hanover,  who 


ascended  the  throne  under  the  name  of  George  1,  without  serious 
opposition.  Like  Edward  VI,  James  11  had  women  for  his  three  next 
heirs.  If  the  Electress  Sophia  had  lived  two  months  longer  she  would 
have  succeeded  Anne  as  Queen  of  England.  But  if  her  older  brother, 
Prince  Rupert,  had  lived  to  the  age  of  ninety-five,  he  would  have 
inherited  the  Crown  in  her  place,  and  the  House  of  Hanover  would 
have  had  to  wait  until  he  died.  Towards  the  end  of  his  life  he  lived 
in  England,  and  devoted  himself  to  scientific  studies.  But  both  he 
and  his  brother  Maurice  had  supported  themselves  for  some  years  by 
buccaneering  in  the  Caribbean  Sea,  and  if  he  had  come  to  the  throne 
he  might  have  been  known  to  history  as  the  Pirate  King. 


GENEALOGICAL  TABLES. 

In  the  following  Tables  "m"  signifies  Married. 

The  Roman  Numerals  1,  111,  IV  and  V,  denote  the  sons  of  Edward  ill 
from  whom  descent  is  derived. 

The  dates  of  birth  and  death  are  given  in  Arabic  numerals,  separated  by  a 
dash.  When  the  date  of  birth  has  not  been  ascertained  it  has  been  omitted. 
Persons  who  did  not  die  a  natural  death  are  marked  with  a  K,  an  E,  or  an  M, 
according  as  they  were  Killed  in  battle.  Executed,  or  Murdered.  The  figures 
in  parenthesis  give  the  duration  of  the  reigns. 


The  Shakespeare  "Histories"  cover  a  period  of  nearly  a  hundred  years, 
from  the  coronation  of  Henry  IV  in  1399  to  that  of  Henry  VII  in  148J,  and  also 
sixteen  years  of  the  reign  of  Henry  VIII,  as  follows:—  --^ 


RICHARD  II 

HENRY  IV    First  Part 


HENRY  V 
HENRY  VI 


Second  Part 

First  Part 
Second  Part 
Third  Part 


RICHARD  III 
HENRY  VIII 


13^1400 
I 402- I 40 3 
1403-1413 
14 14-1420 
I 422- I 444 
1445-1455 
1455-1471 
1471-1485 
1520-1536 


2. 

I  year/ 
I  year. 
10  years. 
6  years. 
22  years. 
ID  years. 
16  years. 
14  years. 
16  years. 


The  plays  in   which  any  of  the  persons  mentioned  in  the  Genealogical 
Tables  are  represented,  are  given  with  their  names/enclosed  in  brackets. 


FIRST  GENERATION. 

The  Se'ven  Sons  of  Ed<ward  III  and  Phitippa  of  HainauU, 
I.    Edward  the  black  Prince. 

1330-1376  m.  Joan,  (dau.  of  the  D.  of  Kent). 

"The  Fair  Maid  of  Kent." 
II.     WILLIAM  OF  HATFIELD. 

III.  Lionel,  Duke  of  Clarence,      m.  Elizabeth  de  Burgh. 

-1368 

IV.  JOHN  OF  Gaunt,  Duke  of  Lancaster. 

1 340-1 399  m.  I  Blanche,  (dau.  of  D.  of  Lancaster). 

[R  II]  2  Constance,  (dau.  of  Peter  the  Cruel 

of  Castile). 
3  Catherine  Swynforth. 
V.     EDMUND  LANGLEY,  Duke  of  York. 

1342-1402  m.  Isabella  of  Castile. 

[R  II]  [R  II] 

VI.     THOMAS  OF  WOODSTOCK,  Duke  of  Gloucester. 
-1397,  M.  at  Calais.  m.  Eleanor  Bohun. 

[R  II] 
VII.     WILLIAM  OF  WINDSOR. 


SECOND  GENERATION. 

I.  Son  of  Edivard  the  Black  Prince  and  Joan  of  Kent, 
Richard  ll.  m.  i  Anne  of  Luxembourg  (dau.  of  Emp. 

i366-(i377-r399)-i4oo.  Charles  IV). 

[R  11]  T1394 

2lsabella(dau.of  Ch.  VI). 
[Rll] 

III.  Daughter  of  Lionel ,  Duke  of  Clarence  and  Elizabeth  de  Burgh, 

PHILIPPA.  m.  Edmund  Mortimer,  Earl  of  March. 

-1381 

IV.  Children  of  John  of  Gaunt  and  Blanche  of  Lancaster, 
i  HENRY,  Earl  of  Derby  and  Duke  of  Hereford. 

]  HENRY  IV.  m.  Mary  Bohun. 

I357-(I399-I4I3)-  -1394 

[R  II,  I  H  IV,  2  H  IV] 

PHILIPPA.  m.  John  I,  of  Portugal. 

ELIZABETH.  m.  John  Holland,  Duke  of  Exeter. 

IV.  (///.)  Children  of  John  of  Gaunt  and  Catherine  Swynforth, 
JOHN  BEAUFORT,  E.  of  Somerset,  m.  Margaret  Holland,(dau. of  D. of  Kent). 

-1410 
[i  H  VI] 
HENRY  BEAUFORT  (Bishop  of  Winchester  and  Cardinal). 
1 370-1447 

[i  H  VI,  2  H  VI] 
THOMAS  BEAUFORT,  Duke  of  Exeter. 
-1425 
[H  V,  I  H  VI] 
JOAN.  m.  Ralph  Neville,  Earl  of  Westmoreland. 

-1425 
[2  H  IV,  H  V] 

V.  Children  of  Edmund  Langley  and  Isabella  of  Castile, 
EDWARD,  Duke  of  York  and  Duke  of  Aumerle. 

-1415,  K.  at  Agincourt. 
[R  II,  H  V] 
Richard,  Earl  of  Cambridge.         m.  Anne  Mortimer. 
-1415.  E. 
[H  V] 
CONSTANCE.  m.  Th.  Despenser,  Earl  of  Gloucester. 


THIRD  GENERATION. 

III.  Children  of  Philippa  Plantagenet  and  Edmund,  Earl  of  SMarch, 
ROGER,  Earl  of  March.  m.  Eleanor  Holland  (dau.  of  D.  of  Kent). 

-1398,  K. 
*SIR  EDMUND  MORTIMER.  m.  dau.  of  Glendower. 

[i  H  IV]  [I  H  IV] 

ELIZABETH.  m.  Henry  Percy  (Hotspur). 

-1403,  K.  at  Shrewsbury. 
[i  H  IV,  2  H  IV]  [R  11,  I  H  IV] 

IV.  Children  of  Henry  IV  and  Mary  Bohun, 

HENRY  V.  m.  Catherine,  (dau.  of  Ch.  VI). 

I386-(I4I3-I422)  -1438 

[i  H  IV,  2  H  IV,  H  V]  [H  V] 

THOMAS,  Duke  of  Clarence.  m.  Margaret   (widow   of   John,   Earl   of 

[2  H  IV]  Somerset). 

JOHN  of  Lancaster,  D.  of  Bedford,  m.  i  Anne  (dau.  of  Jean  Sanspeur). 
-1453  2  Jaquetta  of  Luxembourg. 

[i  H  IV,  2  H  IV,  H  V,  I  H  VI]  m.  2  Sir  Richard  Wydville. 

HUMPHREY,  D.  of  Gloucester,         m.  i  Jaqueline  of  Hainault. 
-1447      Protector  of  Henry  V.         2  Eleanor  Cobham. 

[2  H  IV,  H  V,  I  H  VI,  2  H  VI]         [2  H  VI] 
BLANCHE.  m.  Louis  III  (Elector  Palatine). 

PHILIPPA.  m.  Eric  III  (King  of  Denmark). 

IV.   (///.)   Children  of  John  Beaufort  and  cMargaret  Holland, 

HENRY  BEAUFORT,  E.  of  Somerset. 

-1418 
JOHN  BEAUFORT,  D.  of  Somerset,  m.  Margaret  Beauchamp. 
-1444 
[i  H  VI] 
EDMUND  BEAUFORT,  D.  of  Somerset. 

-1455,  K.  at  St.  Alban's.  m.  Eleanor  Beauchamp. 

[2  H  VI] 
JOAN.  m.  James  I.  of  Scotland. 

MARGARET.  m.  Thomas,  Earl  of  Devon. 


*Shakespeare  in  i  H  IV  confounds  Sir  Edmund  Mortimer,  who  was  impris- 
oned by  Glendower,  with  his  nephew,  Edmund  Mortimer,  Earl  of  March,  who 
was  detained  by  Richard  II  at  Windsor,  as  being  heir  to  the  throne.  He  also 
makes  Hotspur  call  his  wife  Kate. 


FOURTH  GENERATION, 

III,  Children  of  Roger  Mortimer,  Earl  of  March,  and  Eleanor  Holland, 
EDMUND  MORTIMER,  Earl  of  March. 

-1396,  K. 
[i  H  VI] 
SIR  JOHN  MORTIMER. 

[3  H  VI] 
SIR  HUGH  MORTIMER.    . 

[3  H  VI] 
ANNE  MORTIMER.  m.  Richard,  Earl  of  Cambridge. 

-1415,  E. 
[H  V,  g  H  ¥13- 

IV,  Son  of  Henry  V  and  Catherine  of  France, 

HENRY  VI.  m.  Margaret  of  Anjou,  (dau.  of  Rene,  K. 

-1482  of  Sicily). 

I42i-(i422-i46i)-i47i  [i  H  VI,  2  H  VI,  3  H  VI,  R  III] 

[i  H  VI,  2  H  VI,  3  H  VI] 

IV.   (///.)   Children  of  John  Beaufort,  Duke  of  Somerset,  and  Margaret 
Beauchamp, 
Margaret  Beaufort.  m.  i  Edmund  Tudor,  E.  of  Richmond. 

1441-1509  2  Thomas  Stanley,  E.  of  Derby. 

[R  111] 

Children   of  Edmund  Beaufort,   Duke   of  Somerset,   and 
Eleanor  Beauchamp* 
Henry  Beaufort,  Duke  of  Somerset. 

-I48I 

[3  H  VI] 
Edmund. 
-1471 

JOHN. 

-1471 
Margaret.  m.  Humphrey,  E.  of  Stafford. 

-1455 


THE  TUDORS, 

The  Sons  of  Catherine  of  France,  'cvidoiv  of  Henry  V,  and  Ckven  Tudor, 

Edmund  Tudor,  Earl  of  Richmond. 

-1456  m.  Margaret  Beaufort,  granddaughter  of 

Catherine  Swynforth.  She  afterwards 
married  Thomas  Stanley,  E.  of  Derby. 
JASPER  TUDOR,  Earl  of  Pembroke,  m.  Catherine  Wydville. 
-1495 


FIFTH  GENERATION, 

III  and  V.  Children  of  Anne  Mortimer  and  Richard ^  Earl  of  Cambridge* 
Richard  PLANTAGENET,  E.  of  March  and  D.  of  York. 

-1460,  K.  at  Wakefield.  m.  Cicely  Neville  (dau.  of  E.  of  West- 

-1495  moreland). 

[i  H  VI,  2  H  VI,  3  H  VI,  fh-m-        [R  ill] 
ISABELLA.  m.  Henry,  Earl  of  Essex. 

Richard  Plantagenet's  mother,  Anne  Mortimer,  from  whom  he  derived  the 
right  to  the  throne,  belonged  to  the  Fourth  Generation  from  King  Edward  Hi, 
but  his  father,  the  Earl  of  Cambridge,  was  of  the  Second  Generation. 

IV.  Son  of  Henry  VI  and  Margaret  of  Anjou, 
EDWARD,  Prince  of  Wales.  m.  Anne  Neville,  (m.  2  R  III). 

-1471,  M.  at  Tewkesbury. 
[3  H  VI]  [R  III] 

IV.   (///.)   Children  of  Margaret  Beaufort  and  Edmund  Tudor,  Earl  of 
Richmond, 

HENRY  TUDOR,  Earl  of  Richmond,  HENRY  VII. 

m.  Elizabeth  of  York. 
I456-(I485-I509)-  -1502 

[3  H  VI,  R  III] 


SIXTH  GENERATION. 


Ill  and  V.  Children  of  Richard  PUntagenet  and  Cicely  Neville. 


Edward  IV. 

I44i-(i46i-i483)- 

[2  H  VI,  3  H  VI,  R  HI] 
EDMUND,  Duke  of  Rutland. 
1443-1460,  M.  at  Wakefield. 

[3  H  VI] 
GEORGE,  Duke  of  Clarence, 
-"f  '»'<?        -1478,  M. 

[3  H  VI,  R  III] 
RICHARD  III,  Dukeof  Gloster. 
f\4^X     (1483-1485),  K.  at  Bosworth. 

[2  H  VI,  3  H  VI,  R  III] 
ANNE. 

ELIZABETH. 

MARGARET. 


m.  Elizabeth  Wydville. 
-1492 
[3  H  VI,  R  III] 


m.  Isabella  Neville,  (dau.  E.  of  Warwick). 


m.  Anne  Neville,  (dau.  E.  of  Warwick). 
[R  III] 

m.  H.  Holland,  (Duke  of  Exeter). 

[3  H  IV] 
m.  John  de  la  Pole,  (Duke  of  Suffolk). 

[i  H  VI,  2  H  VI] 
m.  Charlesthe  Bold, (Dukeof  Burgundy).  . 


SEVENTH  GENERATION. 

Ill  and  V.  Children  of  Ediuard  IV  and  Elizabeth  Wydville, 

Edward  v. 
1470-1483,  M. 
[R  III] 

RICHARD,  Duke  of  York. 


/^7c/  ?  -1483,  M. 

^  [R  III] 


ELIZABETH  OF  YORK.  m.  Henry  VII. 

-1502 

III  and  V.  Children  of  George,  Duke  of  Clarence  and  Isabella  Ne'ville, 

Edward,  Earl  of  Warwick. 
-1499,  E. 
[R  III] 
Margaret,  Countess  of  Salisbury,  m.  Sir  Richard  Pole. 
-1541 
[R  HI] 

III  and  V.  Son  of  Richard  III  and  Anne  Neville, 

EDWARD.     -/^J?*- 

Ill  and  V.  Son  of  Elizabeth,  Sister  of  Edivard  IV  and  John  de  la  Pole, 
Duke  of  Suffolk, 

JOHN,  Earl  of  Lincoln. 
-1487,  K.  at  Stoke. 


EIGHTH  GENERATION. 


Ill,  IV   (///.)  and  V.  Children  of  Elizabeth  of  York  and  Henry  VII, 


ARTHUR. 
-1502 

HENRY  VIII. 

-I49i-(i509-i547)- 
[H  Vlll] 


MARGARET  TUDOR. 

-1539 
MARY  TUDOR. 


m.  Catharine  of  Aragon. 

m.  I  Catharine  of  Aragon. 
-1536 
[H  VIII] 

2  Anne  Boleyn.        -1536,  E. 

[H  VIII] 

3  Jane  Seymour.       -I537 

4  Anne  of  Cleves.        -I557 

5  Catharine  Howard.        -1542,  E. 

6  Catharine  Parr. 

m.  2  Admiral  Seymour. 
-1548 
m.  I  James  IV. 

2  Archibald  Douglas,  E.  of  Angus. 

m.  I  Louis  XII. 

2  Charles  Brandon,  D.  of  Suffolk. 
[H  VIII] 


Henry  VIU's  mother,  from  whom  he  derived  his  right  to  the  throne, 
belonged  to  the  Seventh  Generation  from  King  Edward  III,  but  his  father,  who 
was  descended  from  Catherine  Swynforth,  was  of  the  Fifth  Generation. 


NINTH  GENERATION. 

Ill,  IV  {III,)  and  V.  Daughter  of  Henty  VIII  and  Catharine  of  Aragon, 
Mary.  m.  Philip  II.  of  Spain. 

I5i7-(i553-i558)- 

Daughier  of  Henry  VIII  and  Anne  Boleyn* 
Elizabeth. 

i533-(i558-i6o3)- 

Son  of  Henry  VIII  and  Jane  Seymour, 
Edward  VI. 

I537-(I547-I553)- 

Son  of  Margaret  Tudor  and  James  IV  of  Scotland, 

James  V  of  Scotland.  m.  Mary  of  Guise. 

1 51 1-(  151 3-1542)-  -1560 

Daughter  of  Margaret  Tudor  and  the  Earl  of  Angus, 
Margaret  Douglas.  m.  Earl  of  Lenox. 

Daughter  of  Mary  Tudor  and  Ch,  Brandon^  Duke  of  Suffolk. 
FRANCES  BRANDON.  m.  Thomas  Grey,  Marquis  of  Dorset. 


TENTH  GENERATION, 

III,  IV  (///.)/  and  V.  Daughter  of  James  V  and  Mary  of  Guise. 

Mary,  Queen  of  Scots.  m.  i  Francis  II. 

2  Lord  Darnley. 
1542-1587,  E.  3  Earl  of  Bothwell. 

Son  of  Margaret  Douglas  and  the  Eart  of  Lenox, 
Henry,  Lord  Darnley.  m.  Mary,  Queen  of  Scots. 

1546-1567,  M. 

Daughter  of  Frances  Brandon  and  Thomas  Grey, 
Lady  jane  Grey.  m.  Lord  Guilford  Dudley. 

1537-1554,  E.  -1554,  E. 


ELEVENTH  GENERATION. 

Ill,  IV  {III,),  and  V.  Son  of  Mary,  Queen  of  Scots,  and  Lord  Damley, 

f  JAMES  VI  OF  Scotland.  m.  Anne  of  Denmark. 

1 566-( 1 567-1625) 
JAMES  I   OF  ENGLAND. 
(1603-1625) 


TWELFTH  GENERATION. 

Children  of  James  I  and  Anne  of  Denmark, 
HENRY  and  ROBERT,  both  of  whom  died  young. 

Charles  I.  m  *  Henrietta  Maria  of  France. 

i6oo-(i625-i649)  E. 

Elizabeth.  m.  Frederick  V,  Elector  Palatine  and  King 

of  Bohemia. 


THIRTEENTH  GENERATION. 

Children  of  Charles  I  and  Henrietta  SMaria, 
Charles  II.  m.  Catherine,  Infanta  of  Portugal. 

1630(1660-1685) 

JAMES  II.  m.  I  Anne  Hyde. 

1633  {1684- 1688)  1 701  -167 1 

2  Maria  d'Este  of  Modena. 

Mary.  m.  William,  Prince  of  Orange. 

ELIZABETH. 

-1649 
HENRIETTA.  m.  Duke  of  Orleans. 

Children  of  Elizabeth  Stuart  and  the  Elector  Palatine* 

RUPERT  ("Prince  Rupert"). 

1619-1682 

MAURICE. 

SOPHIA.  m.  Ernest  Augustus,  Elector  of  Hanover. 

1631-1714 


FOURTEENTH  GENERATION. 

(///.)  Son  of  Charles  II  and  Lucy  Walters, 
James,  Duke  of  Monmouth, 
/^vf    -1685,  E. 

Children  of  James  II  and  Anne  Hyde* 

Mary.  m.  William,  Prince  of  Orange. 
1662(1689-1694)  1650-1702 

ANNE.  m.  George,  Prince  of  Denmark. 
1664(1702-1714)  /CJ-i-   //o? 

Son  of  James  II  and  Mary  of  Modena* 
James  III  (the  Old  Pretender).         m.  Maria  Clementina  Sobieski,  Princess 
1688- 1 766  of  Poland. 

Son  of  cMary  Stuart  and  Williamf  Prince  of  Orange, 

(  William,  Prince  of  Orange. 

\  WILLIAM  III.  m.  Mary  Stuart. 

1650(1689-1702) 

Son  of  the  Eledress  Sophia  and  the  Elector  of  Hanover, 

I  George  Edward,  Elector  of  Hanover 

<  m.  Sophia  Dorothea  of  Zell. 

(George  1. 

i66o-(i7i4-i727). 


King  William  111,  Queen  Mary,  Queen  Anne  and  King  George  I  were  all 
great-grand-children  of  King  James  1. 


FIFTEENTH  GENERATION. 

Sons  of  James  III  (the  Old  Pretender)  and  SMaria  Sobieski, 

Charles  Edward  (The  Young  Pretender) 

1720-1788  m.  Princess  of  Stolberg-Guendern. 

HENRY  BENEDICT  (Cardinal  York) 
-1807. 


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